Federal Prison Survival Guide: What They Don't Tell You

Written By Joseph De Gregorio

Introduction: The Truth About Federal Prison No One Tells You

I'll never forget the morning I self-surrendered to FMC Devens. I was sentenced to 12 months and a day in federal prison—a sentence that felt like a death sentence for someone who'd just had a full liver transplant during covid and spent 24 years on Wall Street. My attorney had prepared me legally, but nothing prepared me for the reality of walking through those gates.

What happened next surprised everyone, including me. Through strategic preparation, program participation, and understanding how the federal prison system actually works, I served only 3 months in a federal facility before being released to a halfway house. My total time in BOP custody? Just 124 days—25% of my already-reduced 10-month sentence.

But here's what nobody tells you: federal prison is nothing like what you see on TV or read about online. Most prison advice is either outdated, applies to state prison (which is completely different), or comes from people who've never actually been inside. The gap between perception and reality is enormous, and that gap can cost you months of your life—or put you in dangerous situations.

Since my release, I've helped more than 400 federal defendants prepare for federal incarceration. I've guided clients through every federal facility type—from maximum security USPs to minimum security camps. I've seen what works, what doesn't, and what mistakes cost people years of freedom or get them hurt.

This guide is different because:

  • It comes from someone who actually served federal time recently

  • It's updated for 2025 (federal prison has changed significantly with the First Step Act)

  • It covers what your lawyer won't tell you (because they don't know)

  • It's comprehensive—from self-surrender to final release

  • It includes the strategic elements that reduce your actual time served

In this guide, you'll learn:

  • The exact self-surrender process and what to expect in your first 24 hours

  • The unwritten rules that keep you safe and out of trouble

  • How daily life actually works in federal prison

  • Which programs reduce your sentence (and which ones don't)

  • How to maintain family connections despite the barriers

  • The strategic preparation that gets you home months or years earlier

  • What the 90 days before release look like

I'm not going to sugarcoat this—federal prison is difficult, isolating, and life-changing. But with the right knowledge and approach, you can get through it safely, use the time productively, and come home to your family as quickly as legally possible.

Let's get started.

PART 1: BEFORE YOU SELF-SURRENDER

Section 1.1: The Self-Surrender Process

Understanding Self-Surrender

If you've pleaded guilty or been convicted and the judge has granted you self-surrender (rather than immediate remand), congratulations—this is a privilege that shows the court trusts you. Most federal defendants get this opportunity, but a small percentage are taken into custody immediately at sentencing.

Your self-surrender date will be specified in your judgment and commitment order. Typically, you'll have 30-90 days from sentencing to self-surrender, though judges can grant extensions for medical issues, family emergencies, or other compelling reasons.

The Days Before Self-Surrender

The final week before self-surrender is emotionally brutal. You're saying goodbye to family, finishing final preparations, and dealing with anticipatory anxiety that's often worse than prison itself. Here's how to use this time wisely:

Practical Preparations (7-10 Days Before):

  1. Financial arrangements: Ensure all bills are on auto-pay, someone has power of attorney, and your family has access to necessary accounts

  2. Legal documents: Organize will, healthcare directives, power of attorney, and any other important documents

  3. Medical and dental care: Complete any necessary medical procedures, get prescriptions filled, visit the dentist (dental care in prison is minimal)

  4. Family preparation: Have honest conversations with spouse, children, and other family members about what to expect

What to Bring (And What's Prohibited):

The Bureau of Prisons is very specific about what you can bring. Here's the complete list:

YOU CAN BRING:

  • Legal documents and legal mail

  • Prescription medications in original containers (with doctor's letter)

  • Wedding ring (plain band only, under $100 value)

  • Religious medallion (under $100)

  • Prescription eyeglasses

  • Cash (up to $325, though amounts vary by facility)

YOU CANNOT BRING:

  • Cell phone or electronics of any kind

  • Watches (even cheap ones)

  • Jewelry (except wedding band as noted)

  • Pocket knife or any potential weapon

  • Food or beverages

  • Cigarettes or tobacco

  • Books or magazines (you can order these later)

  • Photographs (you'll receive these by mail later)

  • Anything not on the approved list

Critical tip: Don't try to smuggle anything in. Staff search you thoroughly, and starting your sentence with a disciplinary shot for contraband is the worst possible beginning.

Self-Surrender Day: What Actually Happens

You'll report to the facility's front entrance at the designated time (usually early morning). Here's the exact process:

Hour 1: Initial Intake

  • You'll check in at the front desk with your commitment papers

  • Staff verify your identity and paperwork

  • You say goodbye to family members (brief, at the entrance)

  • You're escorted to R&D (Receiving and Discharge)

Hours 2-4: Processing

  • Comprehensive search (including strip search and cavity search)

  • Medical screening (TB test, blood pressure, basic health questions)

  • Photograph and fingerprints

  • Property inventory (everything you brought is logged or returned to family)

  • Initial classification assessment

  • Prison uniform issued (khaki or green, depending on facility)

Hours 4-8: Orientation Begins

  • Meeting with case manager or counselor

  • Assignment to housing unit (though may spend first night in receiving unit)

  • Bedding issued

  • Initial rules and expectations explained

  • Phone account set up (though calls won't work for 24-48 hours)

First Night Reality

Your first night in federal prison is surreal. You're exhausted emotionally and physically. You're in a bunk bed (probably top bunk as the new guy) in a room or dorm with dozens of other people. It's loud—men talking, laughing, arguing, TVs blaring, toilets flushing.

You won't sleep much that first night. That's normal. Everyone experiences this. By night three or four, exhaustion takes over and you'll start sleeping.

Critical first-night survival tips:

  • Don't share details about your case with anyone

  • Be polite but reserved in initial interactions

  • Observe everything, speak little

  • Don't accept commissary items from other inmates (you'll owe them)

  • Keep your head down and don't make waves

Section 1.2: Strategic Designation

Understanding BOP Designation

The Bureau of Prisons determines where you'll serve your sentence based on several factors:

  • Security level (minimum, low, medium, high, administrative)

  • Geographic location (preference given to facility within 500 miles of release residence)

  • Bed space availability

  • Medical needs

  • Program needs (like RDAP if you're on a waiting list)

  • Sentence length

Most people don't realize you can influence this process. While BOP makes the final decision, you can submit a formal request for a specific facility, and they often honor reasonable requests.

Security Level Determination

Your security level is calculated using a point system based on:

  • Severity of current offense

  • Criminal history

  • History of violence

  • Escape history

  • Detainers or other pending charges

  • Type of sentence

  • Age

Most white-collar defendants qualify for minimum or low security. Violent offenses, extensive criminal history, or sentences over 10 years typically mean medium or high security.

How to Request a Specific Facility

After sentencing, your attorney can submit (or you can submit directly) a letter to the BOP Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC) in Grand Prairie, Texas. This letter should:

  1. Specify the requested facility by name and location

  2. Provide compelling reasons:

    • Family proximity for visitation

    • Medical care needs available at that facility

    • Program availability (RDAP, education)

    • Employment or training programs

  3. Include supporting documentation:

    • Family member addresses and contact info

    • Medical records (if relevant)

    • Program waiting list confirmation

  4. Submit within 2-3 weeks of sentencing for maximum consideration

Federal Prison Camps (FPCs)—The Best Option

If you qualify for minimum security, federal prison camps (FPCs) are the most desirable placement:

  • No perimeter fence

  • More freedom of movement

  • Better programming

  • More diverse inmate population (often white-collar offenders)

  • Better visiting facilities

  • Less violence and tension

Popular FPCs include:

  • Pensacola, FL

  • Yankton, SD

  • Alderson, WV (women's camp)

  • Bryan, TX

  • Montgomery, AL

Medical or Special Needs Designation

If you have significant medical conditions, you may need designation to a facility with a Federal Medical Center (FMC) or adequate medical care. Document all conditions thoroughly with your physician and submit medical records to DSCC.

Section 1.3: Pre-Surrender Preparation Checklist

Financial and Legal (Complete 30 Days Before):

  • Power of attorney executed

  • Will updated and finalized

  • Healthcare directives signed

  • Life insurance beneficiaries confirmed

  • All bills on auto-pay

  • Tax returns filed (if applicable)

  • Property secured or transferred

  • Vehicle registration and insurance handled

Family Preparation (Complete 2-3 Weeks Before):

  • Honest conversations with spouse about expectations

  • Age-appropriate discussions with children

  • Childcare arrangements confirmed

  • Family financial plan established

  • Communication plan created (phone schedule, email access)

  • Visit schedule projected

  • Support network identified for family

Medical and Physical (Complete 2 Weeks Before):

  • Complete medical examination

  • Dental cleaning and any needed dental work

  • Prescriptions filled and documented

  • Medical records copied for facility

  • Vision exam and extra glasses ordered

  • Physical fitness routine established

Mental and Emotional (Ongoing Until Surrender):

  • Therapy or counseling sessions

  • Support group attendance

  • Stress management techniques learned

  • Reading and research about federal prison

  • Connection with others who've served time

  • Acceptance and mental preparation

PART 2: THE FIRST 30 DAYS—CRITICAL MISTAKES TO AVOID

Section 2.1: Intake and Classification

A&O (Admissions and Orientation)

Within your first week, you'll attend A&O—a structured orientation program required for all new commitments. This typically runs 3-5 days and covers:

Day 1: Rules and Regulations

  • Institutional rules (no fighting, no gambling, no drugs, no sexual activity)

  • Disciplinary process (incident reports, DHO hearings)

  • Housing unit expectations

  • Prohibited items and behaviors

  • Count procedures

Day 2: Programs and Services

  • Education programs available

  • Vocational training offerings

  • UNICOR (federal prison industries)

  • Recreation programs

  • Religious services

Day 3: Medical and Mental Health

  • Medical services access (sick call, chronic care)

  • Mental health resources

  • Medication management

  • Emergency procedures

Day 4: Communication and Visits

  • Phone system (TRULINCS)

  • Email system (CorrLinks)

  • Mail procedures

  • Visiting rules and schedules

  • Legal calls and attorney visits

Day 5: Reentry Planning

  • Release preparation programs

  • Halfway house (RRC) information

  • Supervised release expectations

  • Resources for families

Pay attention during A&O. The information prevents costly mistakes and helps you navigate the system effectively.

Unit Team Assignment

You'll be assigned to a unit team that manages your case throughout your incarceration:

Case Manager:

  • Handles classification issues

  • Manages your sentence computation

  • Processes program applications

  • Coordinates release planning

  • Submits halfway house recommendations

Counselor:

  • Addresses day-to-day issues

  • Handles emergency messages and phone calls

  • Resolves conflicts with other inmates

  • Provides general guidance

Unit Manager:

  • Supervisor of case manager and counselor

  • Handles serious issues or appeals

  • Makes final unit-level decisions

Quarterly Team Meetings

Every 90-120 days, you'll meet with your unit team to review:

  • Progress in programs

  • Disciplinary record

  • Work assignment performance

  • Security classification

  • Release preparation

These meetings matter. Your unit team has significant influence over your daily life, program participation, and release planning. Building a professional, respectful relationship with them is critical.

Work Assignment Selection

Within your first 2-3 weeks, you'll receive a work assignment. All federal inmates (except those in full-time education) must work. Pay ranges from $0.12 to $0.40 per hour for most jobs, though UNICOR jobs pay up to $1.25/hour.

Strategic work assignment thinking:

Best assignments (for sentence reduction and skills):

  • UNICOR (highest pay, potential time credits under First Step Act)

  • Education department (if you're tutoring or teaching)

  • Facilities/maintenance (skills you can use outside)

  • Library (quiet, access to legal resources)

Avoid if possible:

  • Food service (long hours, stressful, hot)

  • Laundry (unpleasant, repetitive)

  • Landscape/grounds (weather exposure)

That said, any honest work is respectable. Do your assigned job well regardless of what it is—your work performance goes in your file and can affect halfway house recommendations.

Education Program Enrollment

If you don't have a high school diploma or GED, you're required by law to enroll in education programs for at least 240 hours. But even if you have a diploma, strategic program enrollment is critical for:

Earning First Step Act Time Credits

  • GED completion: eligible for time credits

  • Post-secondary education: eligible for time credits

  • Vocational training: eligible for time credits

  • Adult Continuing Education (ACE): eligible for time credits

Start enrolling in programs immediately. There are often waiting lists, and time credits only apply to programs completed, not just enrolled.

Section 2.2: The Unwritten Rules of Federal Prison

Federal prison has official rules in the institution handbook—and then there are the unwritten rules that actually govern daily life. Violating official rules gets you shots (disciplinary incidents). Violating unwritten rules can get you hurt.

Rule 1: Mind Your Own Business

This is the cardinal rule. Don't ask people about their crimes, their sentences, their families, their property, or their business. If someone volunteers information, fine. But never pry.

Why this matters: Some people are in for sensitive crimes (sex offenses, crimes against children). Others are informants. Some are cooperating witnesses. Asking the wrong question to the wrong person can brand you as nosy or, worse, as a potential informant yourself.

Rule 2: Never Borrow or Lend

The underground prison economy runs on debt, and debt leads to violence. Never borrow commissary items, drugs, gambling losses, or anything else. Never lend these things either.

If someone offers you commissary items when you first arrive (coffee, snacks, stamps), politely decline. "I'm good, thanks, I'll hit commissary next week." If they insist, understand you're incurring a debt that must be repaid—usually with interest.

Rule 3: Respect Personal Space and Property

Prison is crowded. Space is limited. But you must respect boundaries:

  • Don't sit on anyone's bed (huge violation)

  • Don't touch anyone's locker or property

  • Don't use someone's shower stall or phone without asking

  • Don't change the TV channel without group consensus

  • Keep your area clean and organized

Rule 4: Keep Your Word

Your word is your currency in prison. If you say you'll do something, do it. If you can't, communicate clearly why. Breaking your word—even on small things—damages your reputation permanently.

Rule 5: No Snitching

This rule is absolute. You don't report other inmates to staff for anything except immediate danger to life. Breaking this rule can get you labeled a "rat" or "snitch," which can follow you through the system and put you at serious risk.

What counts as snitching:

  • Reporting someone for drugs

  • Reporting someone for gambling

  • Reporting someone for fighting (unless you were attacked)

  • Reporting someone for contraband

  • Telling staff who did something

What's NOT snitching:

  • Reporting immediate threat to your safety

  • Reporting sexual assault

  • Following official rules yourself (you're not required to break rules just because others do)

Rule 6: Choose Your Associates Carefully

"You're judged by the company you keep" is exponentially true in prison. If you hang around gamblers, staff assume you gamble. If you hang around drug users, staff assume you use. If you hang around gang members, staff assume you're affiliated.

Associate with people who:

  • Have similar time to serve (avoid short-timers who take risks)

  • Are program-oriented

  • Stay out of trouble

  • Have something to lose

  • Share your values

Avoid people who:

  • Are constantly in trouble

  • Deal drugs or contraband

  • Gamble heavily

  • Are violent or aggressive

  • Try to involve you in their schemes

Rule 7: Handle Conflicts Directly But Peacefully

If someone disrespects you or crosses a line, address it directly, calmly, and privately. Pull them aside: "Hey man, when you [did X], that wasn't cool. Let's keep things respectful."

Most conflicts in prison arise from misunderstandings or perceived disrespect. Handling things maturely and directly usually resolves issues. Letting things fester leads to escalation.

What NOT to do:

  • Go to staff to resolve inmate conflicts (unless safety threat)

  • Respond with immediate aggression

  • Make public confrontations

  • Involve others in your dispute

  • Let disrespect go unaddressed (breeds more disrespect)

Rule 8: Avoid Gambling, Drugs, and Contraband Entirely

This cannot be emphasized enough. These three things cause 90% of prison violence and disciplinary problems:

Gambling:

  • Sports betting is rampant

  • Debts lead to violence

  • You'll be pressured to pay debts you can't afford

  • Gets you labeled as having money

  • Leads to incident reports

Drugs:

  • Testing positive results in loss of good conduct time

  • Removes you from program eligibility (including RDAP)

  • Can add time to your sentence

  • Creates debt (drugs are expensive in prison)

  • Brings you into dangerous social circles

Contraband:

  • Cell phones (major incident report, can add time to sentence)

  • Weapons (serious shot, segregation time)

  • Tobacco (in non-smoking facilities)

  • Stolen commissary

  • Modified equipment or tools

Stay completely away from all three. The temporary benefit is never worth the cost.

Section 2.3: Communication with Family

TRULINCS Phone System

The federal prison phone system works completely differently than regular phones:

How It Works:

  • All calls are monitored and recorded (except attorney calls)

  • You must set up a phone list of approved numbers

  • Family/friends must be approved before you can call

  • Calls cost $0.06-0.23 per minute depending on facility

  • Time limits: typically 15 minutes per call, 300 minutes per month

  • Phones available during rec time (usually evenings and weekends)

Setting Up Your Phone List: First week actions:

  1. Submit names and phone numbers to your counselor

  2. Wait 1-2 weeks for approval (FBI background check)

  3. Family must accept initial call and agree to monitoring

  4. Once approved, you can call anytime phones are available

Phone Strategy:

  • Establish regular call times so family can plan around them

  • Keep calls positive and forward-focused

  • Don't discuss your case or legal matters (calls are recorded)

  • Save money for regular calling (commissary also needs funds)

  • Use 15-minute limit wisely—quality over quantity

CorrLinks Email System

Email (called "CorrLinks") is a game-changer for federal inmates:

How It Works:

  • Text-only email through BOP computers

  • Costs approximately $0.05 per minute of computer use

  • All emails monitored and recorded

  • Friends/family must register at corrlinks.com

  • You send them initial contact request, they accept

  • Then you can email back and forth

Email Advantages Over Phone:

  • Much cheaper than phone calls

  • Asynchronous (don't need to coordinate schedules)

  • Can write longer, more thoughtful messages

  • Better for maintaining relationships

  • Kids can participate more easily

Email Strategy:

  • Set up as many approved contacts as possible

  • Write regular emails (daily or every few days)

  • Share positive updates about programs and progress

  • Ask questions about family's lives

  • Send encouragement and support to family

  • Save funny stories or insights to share

Writing Letters (Physical Mail)

Despite technology, traditional mail remains important:

Incoming Mail:

  • No limit on letters you can receive

  • All mail is opened and inspected (but not read unless there's cause)

  • Photos are allowed (rules vary by facility, but generally 10-20 at a time)

  • No Polaroids or photos with gang symbols/weapons

  • Greeting cards are allowed

  • Money orders for commissary are processed

Outgoing Mail:

  • You can send unlimited letters

  • Postage paid from commissary account

  • All outgoing mail is inspected

  • Can be restricted if you abuse privileges

Mail Strategy:

  • Encourage family to send letters and photos regularly

  • Photos of family are incredibly important for morale

  • Keep letters positive and forward-focused

  • Don't discuss legal matters (mail can be read)

  • Send cards for birthdays, anniversaries, holidays

Section 2.4: Visiting Rules and Best Practices

How Federal Prison Visiting Works

Visiting is one of the most important aspects of maintaining family connections, but the rules are strict:

Setting Up Your Visiting List:

  1. Submit names, addresses, and contact information to your counselor

  2. Background checks conducted on all visitors (can take 2-4 weeks)

  3. Once approved, visitors must follow all facility rules

  4. Visitors need government-issued ID to enter

Visiting Schedule:

  • Weekends and federal holidays typically have visiting

  • Hours vary by facility (often 8 AM - 3 PM)

  • Some facilities have Friday evening visits

  • No overnight visits (except conjugal visits where allowed, which is rare in BOP)

Visiting Rules:

  • Dress code strictly enforced (no revealing clothing, no colors that match inmate uniforms)

  • No cell phones or electronics in visiting room

  • Limited physical contact (brief kiss/hug at beginning and end)

  • Must hold hands in approved manner

  • Children allowed and encouraged

  • Food/drinks from vending machines only

Visiting Room Etiquette:

  • Don't discuss your case or legal matters (rooms are monitored)

  • Focus on positive topics and family updates

  • Take pictures (facilities have visiting room photos for purchase)

  • Include children in conversation

  • Keep visits upbeat—family needs encouragement too

  • Don't create drama or end visits on bad notes

When Visits Go Wrong:

Visits can be stressful. Common issues:

  • Arguments (keep voices down, handle conflicts maturely)

  • Children acting out (bring activities to keep kids engaged)

  • Emotional meltdowns (take bathroom break if needed)

  • Inappropriate contact (follows rules strictly to avoid being sanctioned)

A bad visit hurts for days or weeks after. Make every effort to keep visits positive, even when discussing difficult topics.

Video Visiting (Where Available)

Some facilities now offer video visiting:

  • Done from home via computer

  • Must schedule in advance

  • Usually cheaper than travel

  • Allows more frequent "visits"

  • Not a replacement for in-person visits but a good supplement

PART 3: DAILY LIFE IN FEDERAL PRISON

Section 3.1: The Daily Schedule

Understanding "Count Time"

Count is the structure around which everything else revolves. Bureau of Prisons regulations require staff to count all inmates at specific times each day to ensure everyone is present:

Stand-Up Counts (You Must Be Standing at Your Bunk):

  • 12:01 AM (midnight)

  • 3:00 AM

  • 5:00 AM

  • 4:00 PM

Operational Counts (Activities Continue):

  • 10:00 AM

  • 10:00 PM

During stand-up counts, you must be at your bunk, standing, until staff count you and your unit is cleared. This can take 5-10 minutes in a small unit or 30-45 minutes in a large institution if there's a recount.

Missing count is a serious disciplinary offense. Being late, being in the wrong location, or being anywhere other than where you're supposed to be during count results in incident reports.

Typical Daily Schedule (Minimum/Low Security):

5:00 AM - Morning count

  • Staff count, then immediately head to breakfast

  • You can skip breakfast and sleep (if your bunk is counted already)

6:00 AM-7:30 AM - Breakfast window

  • Chow hall open for breakfast

  • Return to unit after eating

7:30 AM - First call for work/programs

  • Report to work assignment or education

  • Attendance taken, absence without permission is incident report

8:00 AM-11:30 AM - Morning work/programming

  • Work your assignment or attend education/programs

  • 15-minute breaks typically allowed

10:00 AM - Operational count

  • Brief count while at work/programs

11:30 AM-12:30 PM - Lunch movement

  • Return to unit for lunch count or go directly to chow hall

  • Eat lunch and brief rec time

12:30 PM-4:00 PM - Afternoon work/programming

  • Return to work assignments

  • Continue education programs

4:00 PM - 4 PM stand-up count (MOST IMPORTANT)

  • Must be at your bunk standing

  • This count often takes longest

  • After count clears, evening rec begins

4:30 PM-8:00 PM - Dinner and recreation

  • Dinner typically served 4:30-6:30 PM

  • Open recreation (yard, gym, library, phones, email)

  • This is your free time

8:00 PM-10:00 PM - Evening in housing units

  • TV common areas, cards, reading

  • Showers (if not done earlier)

  • Prepare for next day

10:00 PM - Evening count

  • Can be in dayroom or your bunk

  • Count must clear before lights out

11:00 PM - Lights out (varies by facility)

  • Institutional lights dimmed

  • Quiet hours begin

  • Some activities may continue quietly

12:01 AM - Midnight count

  • Must be in your bunk (can be sleeping)

  • Staff use flashlights to count without waking people

3:00 AM - Late night count

  • In bed sleeping

  • Most people don't even notice this count

Weekends and Holidays: Schedules are more relaxed:

  • Brunch instead of separate breakfast/lunch

  • No work calls (except essential jobs)

  • More recreation time

  • Extended visiting hours

  • Longer library/religious service times

Section 3.2: Money Management

The Commissary System

Commissary is the prison store where you can purchase food, hygiene items, clothing, shoes, electronics (radios, MP3 players), and other approved items. It's critical for comfort and quality of life.

How Money Gets Into Your Account:

Your family/friends can send money through:

  1. MoneyGram (fastest—available in hours)

  2. Western Union Quick Collect (available in 2-4 hours)

  3. Check or money order (slowest—7-10 days)

  4. Online through BOP website

They'll need your:

  • Full name

  • Register number

  • Facility name and address

Spending Limits:

  • Monthly spending limit: typically $360-$410 per month

  • Exceptions for special purchases (like hobby craft)

  • Limits reset on the 1st of each month

What You Can Buy:

Food Items ($50-100/month typical):

  • Instant coffee and tea

  • Tuna pouches and protein

  • Ramen noodles

  • Peanut butter and crackers

  • Cookies and candy

  • Seasonings and spices

  • Cereal and oatmeal

Hygiene ($20-30/month):

  • Soap and shampoo (better than issued)

  • Deodorant

  • Toothpaste and toothbrush

  • Lotion

  • Lip balm

Clothing ($20-50 quarterly):

  • Better quality t-shirts

  • Sweats and shorts

  • Socks and underwear

  • Sneakers (every 6-12 months, $60-80)

Electronics (one-time purchases):

  • Walkman-style radio ($40-60)

  • MP3 player ($80-120)

  • Headphones ($15-25)

  • Watch (if allowed at your facility)

Other Items:

  • Stamps (for letters)

  • Envelopes and paper

  • Over-the-counter medications

  • Reading glasses

  • Hobby craft supplies (if approved)

Commissary Strategy:

First Month Priorities:

  1. Basic hygiene (soap, deodorant, toothpaste)

  2. Shower shoes (the issued ones are terrible)

  3. Stamps and envelopes for letters

  4. Some food items for comfort

  5. Radio for news and music

Long-Term Strategy:

  • Budget your monthly limit carefully

  • Save some funds for emergencies

  • Don't buy expensive items near release date

  • Be selective—the catalog is tempting but money is limited

  • Consider what you actually need vs. want

The Underground Economy (And Why to Avoid It)

Despite commissary being the official way to purchase items, an underground economy exists:

Underground Currency:

  • Mackerel pouches ("macks") serve as informal currency

  • Stamps also used as currency

  • Drugs (highest value black market item)

Underground Trading:

  • Commissary items bought/sold/traded

  • Services (laundry, cleaning, art) exchanged for commissary

  • Gambling debts paid in commissary

Why You Should Stay Away:

  • Creates debts that lead to violence

  • Gets you labeled as having money (target for extortion)

  • Disciplinary consequences if caught

  • Loses focus on your goals (getting home)

Stick to official commissary. It's plenty to meet your needs.

Section 3.3: Health and Medical Care

Accessing Medical Services

Federal prison medical care is... adequate. It's not great, but it meets basic needs. Here's how to navigate the system:

Sick Call:

  • Sign up for sick call in your unit (usually daily sign-up)

  • Medical staff see you within 24-72 hours typically

  • Co-pay: $2 per sick call visit (charged to your account)

  • Exceptions: Emergency care, chronic care follow-ups, mental health crises

Chronic Care: If you have ongoing conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, etc.), you'll be enrolled in chronic care:

  • Regular scheduled appointments (monthly or quarterly)

  • Monitoring of your condition

  • Medication management

  • No co-pay for chronic care appointments

Emergency Medical:

  • Life-threatening: Staff call for ambulance, transport to outside hospital

  • Urgent but not life-threatening: Taken to medical immediately

  • True emergencies don't happen often, but when they do, BOP responds appropriately

Dental Services:

  • Emergency dental (pain, infection): Usually seen within a few days

  • Routine dental: Long waiting lists (months)

  • Extractions more common than repairs (it's cheaper)

  • If you need significant dental work, get it before self-surrender

Mental Health Services:

  • Weekly psychology groups

  • Individual counseling available (request through staff)

  • Psychiatric medication management

  • Crisis intervention

Reality Check on BOP Healthcare:

  • Care for acute problems is generally adequate

  • Chronic care management is functional but not great

  • Specialty care (cardiology, neurology, etc.) involves long waits

  • Outside consults require extensive approval

  • Medication formulary is limited (may not get your preferred medications)

  • Serious conditions may require transfer to Federal Medical Center

Medication Management:

If you take prescription medications:

  1. Bring documentation at self-surrender (prescription bottles, doctor's letter)

  2. BOP medical will evaluate whether to continue each medication

  3. May switch to formulary alternatives (generic equivalents)

  4. Pill call routine: Show up at medical at designated times for medication distribution

  5. Keep all medications in original bottles with prescription labels

  6. Never share medication with other inmates (serious incident report)

Staying Healthy in Prison:

Physical Health:

  • Use the rec yard and gym regularly (free weights, cardio, sports)

  • Walk laps (most inmates walk 3-5 miles daily for exercise and stress relief)

  • Do calisthenics (push-ups, sit-ups, pull-ups)

  • Eat as healthy as possible given limited options

  • Supplement commissary (protein, vitamins if allowed)


Mental Health:

  • Establish routines that give structure and purpose

  • Stay connected to family (crucial for mental health)

  • Engage in programs and education

  • Read extensively (library is well-stocked)

  • Practice meditation or prayer

  • Consider therapy or counseling groups

  • Stay busy (idle time is dangerous for mental health)

My Personal Experience:

I dealt with serious medical challenges during my incarceration, including complications from a liver transplant I'd received before self-surrender. BOP medical managed my complex medication regimen and coordinated with outside specialists. It wasn't perfect, but they kept me alive and stable. Having clear medical documentation and advocating for myself (respectfully but persistently) made a huge difference.

PART 4: USING TIME PRODUCTIVELY

Section 4.1: Education Opportunities

GED Programs

If you don't have a high school diploma, you're legally required to participate in GED preparation for at least 240 hours (unless you have a verified learning disability). But beyond the requirement, getting your GED:

  • Earns First Step Act time credits (10-15 days per 30 days of programming)

  • Increases post-release job opportunities

  • Builds confidence and skills

  • Sets positive example for your children

GED classes typically include:

  • Math preparation

  • Reading and writing

  • Science

  • Social studies

  • Practice testing

  • Final GED examination

Post-Secondary Education (College Courses)

This is huge. As of 2023, federal inmates are eligible for Pell Grants to take college courses while incarcerated:

Available Programs:

  • Associate degree programs

  • Bachelor's degree programs (at some facilities)

  • Individual college courses

  • Certificate programs

Partner Institutions: Various colleges partner with BOP to offer programs:

  • Online courses (through controlled BOP computers)

  • On-site instruction

  • Correspondence courses

  • Video-based learning

Benefits:

  • First Step Act time credits (15 days per 30 days of programming)

  • Actual college credits that transfer

  • Degree progress toward release

  • Increased earning potential post-release

  • Personal growth and development

How to Enroll:

  1. Express interest to your case manager and education staff

  2. Apply to partnering institutions

  3. Complete Pell Grant application

  4. Enroll in courses once approved

  5. Maintain passing grades

Reality Check: Spaces in college programs are limited and competitive. Apply early and demonstrate serious commitment.

Vocational Training Programs

BOP offers various vocational training programs that teach marketable job skills:

Common Programs:

  • HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning)

  • Electrical

  • Plumbing

  • Welding

  • Automotive mechanics

  • Carpentry

  • Computer programming/IT

  • Culinary arts

  • Horticulture

Program Benefits:

  • Industry-recognized certifications

  • First Step Act time credits

  • Job skills for immediate post-release employment

  • Higher starting wages upon release

  • Career pathways in skilled trades

Apprenticeship Programs:

Some facilities offer formal apprenticeships:

  • Structured training combining classroom and hands-on

  • Journey-level certification upon completion

  • 2,000-4,000 hour programs

  • Recognized by Department of Labor

  • Excellent post-release prospects

Adult Continuing Education (ACE)

ACE programs cover various topics:

  • Financial literacy

  • Parenting skills

  • Resume writing

  • Job search techniques

  • Computer literacy

  • Release preparation

  • Life skills

These shorter classes (8-30 hours typically) also earn First Step Act time credits and provide valuable skills.

Section 4.2: RDAP and Substance Abuse Programs

Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP) Overview

RDAP is the single most valuable program in federal prison for most inmates. It provides:

  • 12-month sentence reduction (actual, statutory reduction—you go home 12 months earlier)

  • Priority halfway house placement (up to 12 months in RRC)

  • Intensive substance abuse treatment (genuinely helpful for recovery)

Eligibility Requirements:

Clinical Criteria:

  • Diagnosed substance abuse disorder (must meet clinical diagnostic criteria)

  • Can be alcohol, drugs, or both

  • Diagnosis made by BOP psychologist based on interview and assessment

Program Eligibility:

  • Sufficient time remaining (need 24+ months left to serve typically)

  • Appropriate security level (available at all levels, but different programs)

  • English proficiency (or ESL completion)

  • No Level 4 security concerns (very serious disciplinary history)

  • No excluded offenses (varies by circuit)

Administrative Requirements:

  • Clean disciplinary record (shots can disqualify you temporarily)

  • Medical and mental health clearance

  • Willingness to participate fully in treatment

Application Process:

Timeline:

  • Apply immediately upon arrival (waiting lists can be 12-24 months)

  • Interview with Drug Abuse Program Coordinator (DAPC)

  • Psychological assessment

  • Clinical diagnosis determination

  • Placement on waiting list if eligible

Waiting List Strategy:

  • Apply as early as possible

  • Maintain clean record while waiting

  • Complete other programs (shows motivation)

  • Follow up regularly (politely) with DAPC

  • Be flexible on facility (may need to transfer)

The RDAP Experience (9-12 Months)

Program Structure: RDAP is intensive and demands serious commitment:

Phase 1: Orientation (4-6 weeks)

  • Introduction to treatment concepts

  • Getting to know your therapy group

  • Assessment and treatment planning

  • Learning program rules and expectations

Phase 2: Core Treatment (6-9 months)

  • 3-4 hours daily of group therapy

  • Individual counseling sessions

  • Homework assignments (journaling, worksheets)

  • Skill-building groups

  • Living in RDAP unit with other participants

Phase 3: Transition (2-3 months)

  • Release preparation focus

  • Continuing care planning

  • Job search assistance

  • Halfway house placement preparation

  • Family reunification planning

Daily RDAP Schedule:

  • 8:00 AM - Community meeting (all RDAP participants)

  • 9:00 AM-12:00 PM - Group therapy sessions

  • 12:00 PM - Lunch

  • 1:00 PM-3:00 PM - Skills groups or individual sessions

  • 3:00 PM-4:00 PM - Homework time or recreation

  • Evening - Personal time, but homework expected

Treatment Topics Covered:

  • Addiction and brain chemistry

  • Triggers and coping strategies

  • Cognitive distortions and thinking errors

  • Relationships and communication

  • Anger management

  • Trauma processing

  • Relapse prevention

  • Life skills and problem-solving

Program Requirements:

  • 100% attendance (excused only for medical emergencies)

  • Full participation in groups (no "sitting silent")

  • Completion of all homework assignments

  • Clean drug tests (random UA)

  • No disciplinary incidents

  • Support of other participants

  • Honesty and vulnerability in treatment

Why RDAP Sometimes Fails:

People get removed from RDAP for:

  • Positive drug test (automatic removal)

  • Serious disciplinary incident

  • Repeated absences or poor participation

  • Fighting with other participants

  • Refusal to engage in treatment

  • Leaving the RDAP unit without authorization

Getting removed from RDAP means losing the 12-month reduction. That's a full year of your life. The program is demanding, but it's absolutely worth it.

My RDAP Experience:

I completed RDAP despite dealing with serious medical complications (liver transplant issues). The program was challenging—confronting my failures, examining my choices, and being vulnerable with 30 other men wasn't easy. But the 12-month reduction got me home to my family a year earlier, and the treatment genuinely helped me understand my behavior patterns.

Non-Residential Drug Abuse Treatment

If you don't qualify for RDAP or don't need residential treatment, non-residential programs are available:

  • Outpatient counseling (1-2 times weekly)

  • Drug education classes

  • 12-step groups (NA, AA)

  • Challenge Program

  • Skills-based groups

These programs earn First Step Act time credits even though they don't provide the 12-month sentence reduction.

Section 4.3: Skills Development

Work Assignments That Teach Real Skills

Strategic thinking about your prison work assignment can lead to valuable post-release skills:

UNICOR (Federal Prison Industries):

  • Highest-paying prison jobs ($1.00-1.25/hour vs. $0.12-0.40)

  • Real manufacturing and business operations

  • Skills that transfer directly to civilian jobs

  • First Step Act time credit eligibility

  • Resume experience you can discuss with employers

UNICOR Job Categories:

  • Manufacturing (textiles, furniture, electronics)

  • Services (laundry, warehousing, distribution)

  • Recycling operations

  • Call centers (at some locations)

  • Food services (institutional cafeterias at other facilities)

Facilities and Maintenance:

  • HVAC systems work

  • Electrical repairs

  • Plumbing

  • Carpentry and construction

  • Groundskeeping and horticulture

  • Equipment operation

Education Department:

  • Tutoring other inmates (looks great on resume)

  • Library services (research and organizational skills)

  • Teaching assistant roles

  • Literacy work

Orderly Positions:

  • Unit orderly (cleaning and maintenance)

  • Kitchen orderly

  • Admin building orderly

  • Often quieter, less stressful than other jobs

Certificate Programs Available:

Beyond formal vocational training, many facilities offer certificate programs:

  • Forklift operator certification

  • Food handler certification

  • OSHA safety training

  • Customer service certification

  • Microsoft Office training

  • Entrepreneurship certificates

Get every certificate you can. They cost you nothing and improve your resume.

Reading and Self-Study

Federal prison libraries are surprisingly well-stocked:

Available Materials:

  • Thousands of books (fiction and non-fiction)

  • Reference materials

  • Legal research resources (case law, statutes)

  • Magazines and newspapers

  • Educational DVDs and programs

Strategic Reading:

  • Business and finance books

  • Self-improvement and psychology

  • Industry-specific knowledge for your career

  • History and biography

  • Classic literature

I read 200+ books during my relatively short time inside. Reading passes time, educates, and keeps your mind sharp.

Physical Fitness and Health

Use incarceration as an opportunity to get in the best shape of your life:

Available Equipment (varies by facility):

  • Free weights (dumbbells, barbells)

  • Weight machines

  • Cardio equipment (treadmills, bikes, stair climbers)

  • Outdoor track

  • Basketball courts

  • Soccer field

  • Softball field

  • Handball/racquetball courts

Fitness Programs:

  • Organized sports leagues

  • Running clubs

  • Yoga and stretching groups

  • Calisthenics groups

  • Personal training (informal, from other inmates)

Benefits of Prison Fitness:

  • Stress relief (essential)

  • Health improvement

  • Confidence building

  • Social connections

  • Productive time use

  • Discipline development

Many people leave prison in far better physical condition than when they entered.

PART 5: STAYING SAFE—PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL

Section 5.1: Physical Safety

The Reality of Prison Violence

Let me be direct: federal prison is significantly safer than state prison. Most federal inmates are non-violent offenders serving time for white-collar crimes, drug offenses, or immigration violations. The majority of people in federal prison are trying to do their time quietly and get home.

That said, violence does occur. Understanding how to avoid it is critical.

Risk Factors for Violence:

High-Risk Behaviors:

  • Gambling and accumulating debts

  • Using or dealing drugs

  • Disrespecting others or their property

  • Snitching or being perceived as a snitch

  • Sexual activity (prohibited and creates jealousy/drama)

  • Stealing or "ripping people off"

  • Gang involvement or affiliation

Low-Risk Behaviors:

  • Minding your business

  • Being respectful and polite

  • Staying out of prison politics

  • Focusing on programs and early release

  • Choosing associates carefully

  • Handling conflicts maturely

Avoiding Violent Situations:

Situation 1: Someone Disrespects You

  • Assess whether it was intentional or accidental

  • If accidental, let it go

  • If intentional, address it directly but calmly

  • Pull them aside privately: "Hey, that wasn't cool. Let's keep things respectful."

  • Don't escalate, but don't let serious disrespect go unaddressed

Situation 2: Someone Owes You (Or You Owe Someone)

  • This is why you never lend or borrow

  • If you're in this situation, resolve it immediately

  • Pay debts as quickly as possible

  • If someone won't pay you, write it off—don't escalate

Situation 3: Someone Threatens You

  • Take threats seriously

  • Assess whether the threat is credible

  • If credible, you may need to go to staff (protective custody if necessary)

  • Try to de-escalate first if possible

  • Don't ignore serious threats hoping they'll go away

Situation 4: You're Pressured to Do Something

  • Stand firm but respectfully

  • "That's not my thing, but I respect what you do"

  • Don't judge others, but don't compromise your principles

  • Real respect comes from being consistent

Protective Custody (PC):

If you're in genuine danger, protective custody is available:

  • Segregated housing away from general population

  • Much more restrictive (like being in the hole)

  • Should be last resort

  • But better than being hurt or killed

Who typically needs PC:

  • Sex offenders (especially crimes against children)

  • Cooperating witnesses/informants

  • Former law enforcement

  • People with serious debts or conflicts

Most people never need PC. Following the rules outlined in this guide keeps you safe.

My Experience:

I served my time without a single physical altercation. I was respectful, minded my business, didn't gamble or use drugs, and chose my associates carefully. The vast majority of federal inmates have the same experience.

Section 5.2: Emotional and Mental Health

The Psychological Challenge of Incarceration

Federal prison is physically safe for most people, but it's psychologically brutal for everyone:

Common Mental Health Challenges:

  • Isolation: Cut off from family and normal life

  • Anxiety: Worry about family, finances, future

  • Depression: Loss of freedom, identity, and purpose

  • Anger: At yourself, the system, or circumstances

  • Shame: Dealing with the weight of your actions

  • Hopelessness: Time moving slowly, mountain to climb

These feelings are normal. Everyone experiences them. The question is how you manage them.

Dealing with Isolation and Loneliness

Isolation is the hardest part of incarceration:

Strategies:

  • Maintain family connections relentlessly (calls, emails, letters)

  • Build positive relationships inside (program-focused people)

  • Stay busy constantly (idle time amplifies loneliness)

  • Read extensively (escape into other worlds)

  • Write (journaling helps process emotions)

  • Help others (tutoring, mentoring, giving back reduces self-focus)

Managing Anxiety

Prison anxiety comes from lack of control:

Techniques That Work:

  • Exercise (physical activity is the best anxiety reducer)

  • Meditation or prayer (quiet mind, find peace)

  • Routine (predictability reduces anxiety)

  • Focus on controllables (you can't control release date, but you can control program participation)

  • Limit negative self-talk (prison amplifies negative thought patterns)

Addressing Depression

Depression is common in prison:

Signs to Watch For:

  • Loss of interest in activities

  • Sleeping too much or too little

  • Changes in appetite

  • Withdrawal from others

  • Hopelessness

  • Thoughts of self-harm

What to Do:

  • Talk to mental health staff (weekly psychology groups, individual counseling)

  • Consider medication (antidepressants are available and can help)

  • Stay active (depression loves inactivity)

  • Connect with others (isolation worsens depression)

  • Set small goals (achievable daily objectives create momentum)

If you're having thoughts of suicide, tell staff immediately. They take it seriously and will help. There's no shame in struggling—everyone inside struggles.

Processing Shame and Regret

Most federal inmates carry enormous shame:

Healthy Processing:

  • Acknowledge what you did (no minimizing)

  • Understand the harm caused (to victims, family, yourself)

  • Make amends where possible (restitution, apologies, changed behavior)

  • Learn from mistakes (therapy, reflection, education)

  • Forgive yourself (you can't change the past, but you can create a different future)

Unhealthy Processing:

  • Dwelling obsessively on the past

  • Self-punishment that prevents growth

  • Minimizing or excusing behavior

  • Blaming others for your choices

Therapy or counseling groups can help tremendously with processing shame constructively.

Maintaining Family Relationships

Family relationships often deteriorate during incarceration:

Common Challenges:

  • Financial stress (loss of income, legal costs)

  • Emotional strain (spouse/partner shouldering everything alone)

  • Children struggling (daddy/mommy is gone)

  • Resentment (family feeling abandoned)

  • Communication difficulties (limited phone time, monitored conversations)

Strategies for Strong Relationships:

  • Communicate consistently (regular calls and emails on schedule)

  • Listen more than you talk (family needs to vent frustrations)

  • Be encouraging (you can still support family from inside)

  • Don't dump your problems on family (they have enough to deal with)

  • Plan for the future together (gives family hope)

  • Make visits positive (don't waste precious time arguing)

  • Include children (age-appropriate involvement in calls and visits)

Reality check: Some relationships don't survive incarceration. If your partner leaves, it's devastating but survivable. Focus on maintaining connections with children and other family members.

Finding Purpose and Meaning

The inmates who do best are those who find purpose during incarceration:

Possible Purposes:

  • Education (earning degree or certificates)

  • Helping others (tutoring, mentoring)

  • Skill development (becoming expert in something)

  • Creative pursuits (writing, art, music)

  • Spiritual growth (faith development)

  • Planning future business or career (using time to prepare)

My purpose during incarceration was clear: Use every moment to prepare for life after release and eventually help others facing federal charges. That purpose kept me focused and motivated even during the darkest moments.

Section 5.3: Avoiding Common Pitfalls

Shot Calls (Disciplinary Incidents)

Staying out of trouble is critical for early release:

Types of Incident Reports:

  • Level 100 (Most serious): Violence, escape, drugs, weapons

  • Level 200 (Moderate): Fighting, threatening, refusing orders

  • Level 300 (Low moderate): Insolence, contraband, unauthorized area

  • Level 400 (Low): Minor infractions like dress code violations

Consequences:

  • Loss of good conduct time (serious shots can cost months)

  • Disciplinary segregation (the hole—solitary confinement)

  • Loss of privileges (commissary, phone, email, visiting)

  • Removal from programs (including RDAP)

  • Delayed halfway house placement

  • Loss of First Step Act time credits

A single serious incident report can cost you 6-12 months or more of additional time served.

Common Ways People Get Shots:

  • Fighting (even defensive—both parties usually get shot)

  • Positive drug test

  • Refusing orders from staff

  • Being in unauthorized area

  • Missing count

  • Contraband possession

  • Threatening staff or inmates

  • Gambling

  • Sexual activity

Staying Shot-Free:

  • Follow all rules, even ones that seem silly

  • Be respectful to staff (even if they're disrespectful)

  • Avoid all drugs, gambling, contraband

  • Stay out of others' conflicts

  • Be where you're supposed to be when you're supposed to be there

  • Don't test boundaries or push limits

Manipulation by Other Inmates

Some inmates are predatory and manipulative:

Common Manipulation Tactics:

  • Friendship followed by requests: They befriend you, then ask favors that compromise you

  • Debt creation: They give you things, then expect repayment with interest

  • Information gathering: They ask seemingly innocent questions to find vulnerabilities

  • Drama involvement: They pull you into conflicts that aren't yours

  • Pressuring participation: They want you to gamble, use drugs, or break rules with them

Protection Strategies:

  • Maintain boundaries from day one

  • Don't accept gifts or favors from people you don't know well

  • Keep personal information private

  • Don't get involved in others' problems

  • Say no firmly but respectfully

  • Choose friends based on their character and goals

Contraband and Why It's Not Worth It

Contraband seems tempting but carries enormous risk:

Common Contraband:

  • Cell phones (most valuable, most serious consequences)

  • Drugs (marijuana, pills, harder drugs)

  • Tobacco (in non-smoking facilities)

  • Weapons (even improvised ones)

  • Excessive commissary (hoarding beyond limits)

  • Modified equipment (altered electronics, tools)

The Risk/Reward Calculation:

  • Cell phone possession: 6-12 months additional time, immediate segregation

  • Drug possession: Loss of good time, removal from programs, possible new charges

  • Weapon possession: Serious incident report, possible criminal prosecution

Is a few phone calls home worth an extra year in prison? Is getting high worth losing RDAP and 12 months of reduction? The answer is always no.

Staying Clear of Contraband:

  • Don't let anyone store things in your locker

  • Don't hold things for others

  • Don't participate even passively

  • Report serious contraband (weapons) to staff if it threatens safety

  • Just say no—real friends respect that

PART 6: PLANNING FOR EARLY RELEASE

Section 6.1: RDAP 12-Month Reduction (Recap with Focus on Strategy)

We covered RDAP in detail earlier, but strategic thinking about RDAP is critical:

Timeline Planning:

  • Apply immediately upon arrival (waiting lists are long)

  • Complete program 18-24 months before projected release for maximum halfway house time

  • Don't wait to "think about it"—you can always decline if accepted

Facility Transfers for RDAP:

  • You may need to transfer to facility with RDAP availability

  • Some inmates decline transfers and lose opportunity

  • Be flexible on location—the 12 months is worth any transfer

Maximizing RDAP Benefits:

  • Complete program early enough to maximize halfway house time

  • Maintain perfect record during program

  • Use treatment genuinely (not just for time reduction)

  • Build relationships with counselors (they write halfway house recommendations)

Section 6.2: First Step Act Time Credits (Strategic Approach)

Calculating Maximum Possible Credits:

Example Calculation:

  • 60-month sentence

  • Minimum risk level = 15 days credit per 30 days of programming

  • Complete 36 months of programs = 540 days of credit

  • Plus RDAP 12-month reduction = 365 days

  • Total reduction: 905 days (25+ months)

This is how you turn a 60-month sentence into serving 30-35 months.

Program Stacking Strategy:

Enroll in multiple programs simultaneously:

  • Full-time college program: 15 days/30 days credit

  • Part-time ACE classes: Additional credit

  • RDAP (when available): 12-month statutory reduction

  • Work assignment in UNICOR: Credits for productive activity

You can earn more than 15 days per month by participating in multiple qualifying programs.

Documentation Strategy:

  • Keep personal records of all programs completed

  • Obtain certificates for everything

  • Follow up with case manager quarterly on credit calculation

  • Challenge any discrepancies immediately

  • Ensure all programs are entered into SENTRY (BOP computer system)

Timing Considerations:

  • Start earning credits from day one

  • Credits apply to last 12-18 months of sentence (for prerelease custody)

  • Strategic program completion timing maximizes halfway house and home confinement

  • Don't save programs for later—start immediately

Section 6.3: Compassionate Release (When to Consider)

Compassionate release isn't for everyone, but it's appropriate in certain circumstances:

Strong Compassionate Release Cases:

  • Terminal illness with life expectancy under 12-18 months

  • Serious medical conditions substantially diminishing ability to provide self-care in prison

  • Death or incapacitation of only caregiver for minor children or elderly parents

  • Elderly defendants (65+ with 10+ years served or 50+ with 20+ years served)

  • Extraordinary rehabilitation combined with lengthy sentence already served

Weak Compassionate Release Cases:

  • Generic health conditions that prison can manage

  • Family simply wants you home (not enough alone)

  • COVID concerns without specific high-risk conditions

  • Relatively short sentences with minimal time served

When to Pursue:

  • Immediately if you develop terminal diagnosis

  • When family caregiver situation becomes critical

  • After serving substantial portion of sentence with extraordinary rehabilitation

  • Don't wait until the last minute—process takes months

Working with Your Attorney: Compassionate release requires legal expertise. Work with your attorney or a federal defense attorney experienced in these motions.

PART 7: MAINTAINING FAMILY CONNECTIONS

Making the Most of Limited Communication

You have limited tools: phone (300 minutes/month typically), email, letters, and visits. Use them strategically.

Phone Time Management:

  • Schedule calls so family can plan around them

  • Keep calls positive even when discussing difficult topics

  • Share progress and accomplishments (programs, work, goals)

  • Ask about family's lives (don't make calls all about you)

  • End on positive notes (encouragement, love, looking forward)

  • Include children (age-appropriate conversations)

Email Strategy:

  • Write frequently (daily or every other day)

  • Share daily experiences (humanizes your situation for family)

  • Ask questions (shows interest in their lives)

  • Send encouragement (you can still support family from inside)

  • Keep tone upbeat when possible (family needs positivity)

  • Be honest about struggles sometimes (but not dwelling)

Letter Writing:

  • Weekly letters to spouse/partner at minimum

  • Individual letters to children (makes them feel special)

  • Thank you notes to people who support you

  • Birthday and holiday cards

  • Letters are permanent (family can keep and reread them)

Video Visiting (Where Available):

  • Schedule regularly (supplement in-person visits)

  • Include children (easier than traveling)

  • More affordable than in-person for distant family

  • More frequent connection opportunity

Supporting Your Family from Inside

You can still be a husband, father, son, and friend from prison:

Emotional Support:

  • Listen when family vents frustrations

  • Encourage family members through their challenges

  • Acknowledge their sacrifices

  • Express gratitude constantly

  • Maintain hope and positivity

Practical Support:

  • Help with decisions when possible

  • Provide guidance on issues you have expertise in

  • Connect family with resources (if you learn of them)

  • Plan future together

  • Set goals as a family

Parenting from Prison:

  • Stay involved in children's lives (school, activities, milestones)

  • Ask about homework and grades

  • Read books together over phone

  • Send cards and letters for accomplishments

  • Provide guidance and discipline (working with your partner)

  • Never miss important calls or visits with kids

Financial Support: While you can't earn significant money inside, you can:

  • Work toward restitution (shows good faith)

  • Plan post-release financial strategies

  • Avoid spending all your commissary funds (save some for family at release)

  • Develop skills that will increase earning capacity after release

Preparing Family for Your Release

6 Months Before Release:

  • Discuss housing: Where will you live?

  • Employment planning: What work will you do?

  • Financial planning: Budget for reentry

  • Family roles: How will household responsibilities shift?

  • Children preparation: Talking to kids about your return

3 Months Before Release:

  • Finalize housing

  • Job search intensifies (applying from inside)

  • Transportation arrangements

  • Halfway house preparation (if applicable)

  • Supervised release understanding (rules and requirements)

1 Month Before Release:

  • Specific day-by-day plan for first week home

  • Employment confirmed (if possible)

  • Medical appointments scheduled (continuing care)

  • Mental health support arranged (therapist lined up)

  • Family expectations aligned (realistic about adjustment period)

The Adjustment Period: Reentry is difficult for everyone:

  • You've changed

  • Your family has changed

  • Routines have been established without you

  • Expect friction and awkwardness initially

  • Give it 3-6 months to find new equilibrium

  • Consider family counseling

  • Be patient with yourself and family

Dealing with Relationship Challenges

If Your Relationship Struggles:

  • Counseling (available at halfway house or after release)

  • Open communication about frustrations and needs

  • Patience with rebuilding trust and intimacy

  • Acknowledgment of partner's sacrifices

  • Commitment to working through challenges

If Your Relationship Ends: This is devastating but unfortunately common:

  • Maintain connection with children (don't let relationship ending sever parental bond)

  • Handle separation maturely (don't create drama)

  • Focus on your future (you can rebuild your life)

  • Seek support (counseling, friends, programs)

  • Don't give up (relationships can survive incarceration—when one doesn't, it doesn't mean you failed)

My Perspective: Incarceration is a stress test on relationships. Some survive, some don't. What matters is how you handle it and how you maintain connections with children and other family regardless of relationship status.

PART 8: THE 90 DAYS BEFORE RELEASE

Release Preparation Programs

Most facilities offer release preparation programs in your final 90-120 days:

Topics Covered:

  • Job search strategies (resume writing, interviewing, disclosure of record)

  • Housing resources (finding rentals with criminal record)

  • Benefits application (if eligible—food stamps, housing assistance)

  • Continuing care (substance abuse treatment, mental health)

  • Supervised release requirements

  • Banking and financial services (opening accounts with criminal record)

  • Transportation (driver's license reinstatement if needed)

Take these programs seriously. They provide valuable practical information for successful reentry.

Transitional Housing Arrangements

Halfway House (RRC) Preparation:

If you're going to halfway house:

  • Placement timing determined by case manager

  • Location preference considered (must be near release residence)

  • Employment required (find job within 30 days typically)

  • Program participation (continuing treatment, job search assistance)

  • Gradual reentry (more freedom progressively)

Direct Home Release:

If you're going straight home:

  • Transportation arranged (family picks you up or bus ticket provided)

  • Reporting requirements (must report to probation office within 72 hours typically)

  • Residence confirmation (approved by probation)

  • Employment plan (even if not employed yet, must have plan)

Employment Planning

Job Search from Inside:

You can conduct job search before release:

  • Online applications (through monitored BOP computers)

  • Networking through family (ask family to make connections)

  • Letters to potential employers (explaining situation honestly)

  • References lined up (work supervisor at facility, program instructors, case manager)

Disclosure Strategy:

You'll need to decide how and when to disclose your conviction:

  • Background checks reveal everything (assume they'll find out)

  • Lying is worse than the conviction (immediate disqualification if caught lying)

  • Timing matters (some say disclose upfront, others say wait until interview)

  • Framing is critical (take responsibility, explain what you learned, show rehabilitation)

Industries More Open to Hiring People with Records:

  • Construction and trades

  • Manufacturing

  • Warehousing and logistics

  • Food service and hospitality

  • Small businesses (more flexibility than corporations)

  • Entrepreneurship (working for yourself)

Supervised Release Preparation

Understanding Your Conditions:

Standard conditions (apply to everyone):

  • Report to probation officer as directed

  • No new crimes

  • No controlled substances without prescription

  • Submit to drug testing

  • No firearms or destructive devices

  • No leaving the district without permission

  • Notify probation of changes (address, employment)

Special conditions (vary by case):

  • Mental health treatment

  • Substance abuse treatment

  • Financial disclosure

  • Computer monitoring

  • Restricted contact (with co-defendants or victims)

  • Restitution payment schedule

  • Community service





Violating supervised release has serious consequences:

  • Warning/increased supervision

  • Electronic monitoring

  • Halfway house placement

  • Revocation and return to prison (for serious violations)

Successful Supervised Release:

  • Report on time always

  • Be honest with probation officer

  • Complete all required programs

  • Stay clean (no drugs)

  • Pay restitution regularly (even small amounts)

  • Maintain employment

  • Request permission before traveling

  • Build positive track record

What Happens on Release Day

The Morning of Release:

2-4 Weeks Before:

  • Case manager confirms release date

  • Halfway house bed confirmed or release address approved

  • Transportation arranged

  • $500-800 gate money provided (if no commissary funds)

  • Release clothing (street clothes from family or $75 spent on basic clothes)

Release Morning:

  • Wake at normal time (or earlier from excitement)

  • Final count

  • Breakfast

  • R&D (Receiving and Discharge) processing

  • Return institution clothing and equipment

  • Receive personal property

  • Sign release papers

  • Medical gives final medications (typically 2-week supply)

  • Case manager final briefing on supervised release

Walking Out the Gate:

The moment you walk out is surreal:

  • You're free (or going to halfway house, which feels like freedom compared to prison)

  • Family waiting for you (emotional reunion)

  • Overwhelming stimulation (after months/years of limited environment)

  • Mix of joy, anxiety, relief, fear

First 72 Hours:

  • Report to probation office (within 72 hours if going home)

  • Check into halfway house (if that's your placement)

  • See family

  • Basic needs (food, rest, adjustment)

  • Begin job search (if not employed)

Reality Check: Reentry is harder than you expect. Everything feels different. You've changed. The world has changed. Give yourself time and grace to adjust.

CONCLUSION: YOU'LL GET THROUGH THIS

I know that if you're reading this guide, you're probably scared. You're facing something you never imagined facing. Federal prison seems overwhelming, terrifying, and impossible to survive.

Here's what I learned from my own experience and from helping 400+ people prepare for federal incarceration:

Most people get through federal prison without major incident. They serve their time, participate in programs, earn early release, and come home to rebuild their lives.

Federal prison is difficult, but it's not the nightmare you're imagining. It's boring more than dangerous. It's isolating more than violent. It's an endurance test more than a survival challenge.

How you approach your time determines your experience. People who:

  • Follow the rules

  • Mind their own business

  • Focus on programs and education

  • Maintain family connections

  • Plan strategically for early release

  • Use the time for genuine transformation

...these people serve their time productively and come home as quickly as possible.

People who:

  • Get involved in drugs and gambling

  • Create drama and conflicts

  • Ignore programs and opportunities

  • Lose touch with family

  • Focus on the negative

  • Resist change and growth

...these people serve every day of their sentence, often with additional time for disciplinary issues, and come home worse off than when they entered.

Your federal sentence doesn't have to define you or destroy you. It can be a catalyst for genuine transformation—a low point that becomes a turning point.

In my case:

  • I faced 41-51 months, was sentenced to 10 months (75% reduction)

  • I served 124 days (25% of the reduced sentence)

  • I completed RDAP

  • I earned First Step Act time credits

  • I maintained close connections with my family

  • I used the time for deep reflection and planning

  • I survived a liver transplant and serious medical complications

  • I came home ready to build something meaningful

Today, I help others achieve similar results. The strategies in this guide work because they're based on real experience, tested with hundreds of clients, and grounded in understanding how the federal system actually works.

Final thoughts:

You will get through this. Millions of people have served federal time and rebuilt successful lives. You can too.

Use this time productively. Don't just serve time—use it to become someone better, stronger, and more prepared for life after release.

Stay connected to your family. They need you, and you need them. Don't let incarceration sever these bonds.

Plan strategically for early release. Every program you complete, every choice you make, affects when you go home.

Keep hope alive. Prison is temporary. Your life continues after release. The future you create is up to you.

Get expert help if you need it. Preparing for federal sentencing and incarceration with someone who's been through it and helped hundreds of others can make the difference between serving every day and earning maximum early release.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Joseph De Gregorio faced 41-51 months in federal prison for financial crimes during the 2021. Through strategic sentencing mitigation, he achieved a 75% sentence reduction to 12 months and a day. Through strategic preparation, he served only 124 days (25% of his reduced sentence) before being released to a halfway house.

During his incarceration, Joseph survived serious medical complications including liver transplant rejection issues, demonstrating that even complex medical needs can be managed within BOP facilities.

Since his release, Joseph has helped more than 400 federal defendants prepare for sentencing and incarceration, achieve sentence reductions up to 93%, and helped defendants serve only 20% of their time and plan for early release. He combines personal experience navigating the federal system with professional expertise helping others do the same.

Featured in: Bloomberg Law, American Bar Association's JustPod podcast, Business Insider

Services: Federal sentencing mitigation, pre-sentence interview preparation, prison preparation consulting, early release planning, reentry strategy. See hundreds of client success cases here See other resources here See How does the first step act change my time in federal prison

I wrote this and gave this away for free because I don’t believe or feel anyone should have to pay for this.

Contact: For confidential consultation about your federal case, visit www.jnadvisor.com

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Bureau of Prisons Resources:

Family Resources:

Legal Resources:

  • Federal Sentencing Guidelines: www.ussc.gov

  • First Step Act Information: Available through BOP and USSC websites

  • Compassionate Release Information: Contact federal defense attorney

Reentry Resources:

  • National Reentry Resource Center: www.nationalreentryresourcecenter.org

  • Hiring practices and employers open to second chances

  • State-specific reentry programs

  • Continuing education and job training programs

Mental Health Resources:

  • National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI): www.nami.org

  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA): www.samhsa.gov

  • Local counseling and support groups

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Q: How much of my sentence will I actually serve? A: With good conduct time (47 days per year), you automatically serve approximately 85% of your sentence. With RDAP (12-month reduction) and First Step Act time credits (up to 365 days for low-risk inmates in qualifying programs), many inmates serve 50-65% of their original sentence.

Q: Can I work while in federal prison? A: Yes, all federal inmates (except those in full-time education) are required to work. Pay ranges from $0.12 to $1.25 per hour depending on the job assignment.

Q: How often can I call my family? A: Most facilities allow 300 minutes per month of phone time, with individual calls limited to 15 minutes. You can also use email (CorrLinks) and write unlimited letters.

Q: What should I tell my children about my incarceration? A: Be honest but age-appropriate. Younger children might understand "Daddy has to go away for a while because he made a mistake." Older children can handle more detail. Focus on your continued love for them and plans for when you return.

Q: Will I lose my professional license? A: It depends on your profession and conviction. Many licenses (medical, legal, financial) face suspension or revocation. Consult with your professional licensing board and attorney about specific consequences and reinstatement procedures.

Q: Can I take college courses in federal prison? A: Yes. As of 2023, federal inmates are eligible for Pell Grants to pursue college degrees while incarcerated. Many facilities partner with colleges to offer associate and bachelor's degree programs.

Q: What if I have serious medical conditions? A: BOP provides medical care for chronic conditions, though the quality varies. You may be designated to a facility with a Federal Medical Center if your needs are significant. Bring all medical documentation at self-surrender.

Q: How do I apply for RDAP? A: Immediately upon arrival, request to speak with the Drug Abuse Program Coordinator (DAPC). You'll complete an interview and assessment. If diagnosed with substance abuse disorder and otherwise eligible, you'll be placed on the waiting list.

Q: What happens if I violate supervised release? A: Consequences range from warnings and increased supervision to revocation and return to prison. Serious violations (new crimes, positive drug tests) typically result in revocation. Technical violations may result in short jail time or increased restrictions.

Q: Can my sentence be reduced after I'm already serving it? A: Yes, through several mechanisms: RDAP (12-month reduction), First Step Act time credits, compassionate release (for extraordinary circumstances), or sentence reduction motions (based on changes in law or guidelines).

Q: How do I prepare my family financially while I'm away? A: Before self-surrender: establish power of attorney, set up auto-pay for bills, ensure spouse/family has access to accounts, create realistic budget for reduced income, identify government benefits family may qualify for, and connect family with financial counseling if needed.

Q: Will I be safe in federal prison? A: Federal prison is significantly safer than state prison. Most inmates are non-violent offenders. Violence is relatively rare if you follow basic rules: mind your business, avoid drugs/gambling/debt, respect others, and don't get involved in conflicts.

Q: Can I be transferred to a facility closer to home? A: Possibly. You can request facility transfers through your case manager. BOP considers factors like family proximity, program availability, security level, and bed space. Transfers can take months to process.

Q: What do I do if I'm being threatened or pressured? A: First, try to de-escalate directly with the person. If the threat is serious or continues, speak with your counselor or case manager. In extreme situations, protective custody is available. Don't ignore serious threats.

Q: How do I maintain my marriage during incarceration? A: Communication is critical. Use all available tools (phone, email, letters, visits) to stay connected. Be supportive even from inside. Acknowledge your spouse's struggles. Stay focused on your relationship and future together. Consider couples counseling during reentry.

Q: What should I do in my first 24 hours? A: Observe everything, speak little. Be polite but reserved. Don't accept items from other inmates. Don't share details about your case. Follow all staff instructions. Get through processing, get assigned housing, and start learning the routine.

Q: How do I find a job after release with a federal conviction? A: Be honest about your conviction (background checks will reveal it). Focus on industries more open to second chances (construction, manufacturing, small businesses). Emphasize skills gained during incarceration. Consider entrepreneurship. Work with reentry programs that connect formerly incarcerated people with employers.

DISCLAIMER

This guide provides general information about federal prison based on personal experience and is not legal advice. Every case is unique, and federal regulations change. Consult with a qualified federal defense attorney about your specific situation.

The strategies and information in this guide are based on federal Bureau of Prisons policies as of 2025. Policies, programs, and procedures may change. Always confirm current information with BOP staff and your attorney.

Your results may differ from those described in this guide. Sentence reductions, program availability, and release timing depend on individual circumstances, facility resources, and BOP policies.

This guide does not guarantee any specific outcome, sentence reduction, or program acceptance. Use this information as a starting point for your own research and preparation, in consultation with legal counsel.

Copyright © 2025 Joseph De Gregorio / JN Advisor

All rights reserved. This guide may not be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form without prior written permission, except for personal use by individuals preparing for federal incarceration or their immediate family members.

For more information or to schedule a confidential consultation:

Visit: www.jnadvisor.com Email: Available through website Phone: 646-588-8182 Available through website

Helping over 400 federal defendants achieve maximum sentence reductions and successful reentry.

Joseph De Gregorio https://www.jnadvisor.com
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